Resalt of Modeling of optical parameters for optimum collection of Essay

Resalt of Modeling of optical parameters for optimum collection of concentrated solar radiation for photovoltaic devices - Essay Example 6.13) Best power exists when the distance between the Fresnel lenses and the CPC equal to the focal length, unlike when the focal length is less than the distance (Partain & Fraas 318). The phenomenon occurs because of loss in the concentrated beam that falls on the CPC. Besides, focal point forms at CPC if focal length is longer than the distance. Therefore, change in the path of the incident beam results into loss of the beam (Fraden 164). First law of refraction highlights the if the distance between the Fresnel lenses and the CPC equal to the focal length, most of the beam will concentrated at exit aperture (Lindenfeld and Brahmia 241) Moreover, the experiment established acceptance angle. Adjusting the Angle of incidence beam on the Fresnel lens (Tilt About x), when the distance between the Fresnel lenses and the CPC equal to the focal length as showing below. Based on the experiment, we identified that power generated by the CPV system decrease with increase in the Incidence angle (Luque 89). Whereas, at a point where power equal to zero, the Incidence angle becomes the Acceptance angle, usually (4o). Hence, the system limits deviation of radiation falling more than three degrees (Fischer 140). As shown in Table

E-Government in Iraq Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

E-Government in Iraq - Research Proposal Example The main research questions have been depicted hereunder. What is the importance of e-government in Iraq? What are the advantages and drawbacks that face by Iraq through adopting as well as implementing e-government initiative? What are the lessons for Iraq from leading countries on the way of information society? 3. Summary and Outline of the Topic The rapid development of the ICT can be considered as one of the imperative aspects for the countries to build an efficient working environment that can enable their respective government to address various needs and desires of the citizens. With this regard, the implementation of e-government tool is regarded as one of the major potentials that enable the government of various nations to improve and modernise the existing performance of the governmental institutions (Rokhman, 2011). The increasing extent of e-government in the global countries ensures enhancing the quality of life of the citizens for the purpose of assuring greater conve nience to avail various governmental supports. Due to increased level of globalisation, market competition and internationalisation, the governmental institutions tend to foster e-government process in order to boost their efficiency as well as integrate workers, partners and citizens in an effective manner (Wong & et. al., 2011). The broad execution of e-government in the governmental processes involve various ICT tools in order to provide services to the citizens, businesses, workers as well as other non-governmental institutions. Moreover, fostering an effective association with the government as well as the citizens can be considered as one of the major roles of e-government. Therefore, the scope of e-government involves broad assortment of functions to address the needs... The rationale for conducting this research proposal can be understood with reference to the fact that the implementation of e-government is highly important for Iraq to effectively organise and manage broad array of activities that are performed by different governmental institutions of the country. The idea of e-government can provide the country with effective support towards enhancing business or operational performances of the institutions from different disciplines including education, business, military and finance among others. With this regard, it can be stated that the specific aims of the proposed study will be beneficial for Iraq to involve e-government The paper makes a conclusion that the rapid development of the ICT can be considered as one of the imperative aspects for the countries to build an efficient working environment that can enable their respective government to address various needs and desires of the citizens. With this regard, the implementation of e-government tool is regarded as one of the major potentials that enable the government of various nations to improve and modernise the existing performance of the governmental institutions. The increasing extent of e-government in the global countries ensures enhancing the quality of life of the citizens for the purpose of assuring greater convenience to avail various governmental supports. The research concerning the effect of e-government in Iraq can be influenced by certain ethical concerns due to its qualitative nature.

Heart Failure Nursing Essay

Heart Failure Nursing Essay Mr. Wrights admissions states that he has heart failure (congestive cardiac failure). Clearly define heart failure. What organs and which body systems are affected by this disorder? Answer:- congestive cardiac failure is also known as congestive heart failure is an ongoing condition in which the heart muscle is weakened and cannot pump as well as it normal pump. It occurs when the myocardium loses its ability to pump enough blood to meet body’s metabolic needs and is generally accompanied by fluid accumulation in the body tissues, especially in the lungs. Apart from the cardiovascular system it can affect many other systems. Left sided heart failure affects the respiratory system by increasing the instance of pulmonary oedema. Systolic heart failure:- it occurs when the heart muscle doesn’t contract with enough force so there is less oxygen blood pumped throughout the body. Diastolic heart failure:- it occurs when heart contract properly but ventricles cannot rest because the less amount of blood enters during the heart filling. Right sided heart affects every other system due to increase of peripheral oedema. Give a brief overview of the normal function of the body system affects by this disorder. Circulation system has a role that haemoglobin in the red blood cells the supply of the oxygen to the cells. There are two types of circulation route that for transporting blood to the cells and each tissue and for blood to gas exchange in the lungs. Vascular system is comprised of the heart, arteries which carry fresh blood towards the body from the heart and, vein which returns blood to the heart and lungs to collect from the whole body blood include waste and carbon dioxide. Pulmonary circulation is fresh blood that contains a large amount of oxygen to circulate to the left atrium through the pulmonary vein. Circulation supplies to the whole body of fresh blood that contains a large amount of oxygen. Urinary system is composed of the kidneys, ureter, bladder, and urethral. Kidney has role that excrete waste products to outside of the body, adjust the blood pressure, store the water, regulate the electrolyte, and generate red blood cells. Original urine is made by filtration of the glomerular, secretion and reabsorption takes place in the tubular. Urine was made in the kidney, is urinated outside the body through the ureter, bladder, and urethra. Respiratory system has role that the uptake of oxygen from the outside and to discharge carbon dioxide and water from the body. The air flow is accept the oxygen from the nose and mouth, and exchanged from oxygen to carbon dioxide is diffused in the capillary and interstitial. Digestive system is composed of the gastrointestinal tract, stomach, liver, gallbladder, bile duct, and pancreas. Digestion is initiated by the action of digestive enzymes and gastric acid in the gastric juice in the stomach. There is a metabolism in the liver. The gall bladder is responsible for temporarily stores bile made of hepatocytes. Pancreas to secrete a variety of digestive enzymes as exocrine organ and secrete hormones that make the regulation of blood glucose levels as endocrine organ. Intestinal has role that breakdown of food by the digestive juice and absorb the nutrients and moisture. Finally, it excretes waste products. Define the signs and symptoms of heart failure and explain why these signs and symptoms occur. Signs and symptoms of heart failure are:- Fatigue, weakness and mental confusion:- these things occur due to decrease output from the ventricle creating insufficient amount of oxygen in the brain which create mental confusion and disturbed behaviour. Fluid retention and oedema:- it occurs due to increased capillary pressure that develops in the peripheral circulation in person with right sided heart failure and in the pulmonary circulation in persons with left sided heart failure. The increased capillary pressure reflects an overfilling of the vascular system because of increased sodium and water retention and venous congestion, referred to earlier as backward failure, resulting from impaired cardiac output. Cyanosis:- caused by excess desiderated haemoglobin in the blood. It is resulting from impaired pulmonary gas exchange, from extensive extraction of oxygen at the capillary level. Shortness of breath:- occurs due to congestion of pulmonary circulation. Arrhythmias:- represent disorder of cardiac rhythm related to alteration in automaticity, excitability, conductivity or refractoriness of specialized cells in the conduction system of the heart. Muscle weakness due to insufficient blood supply and oxygen to the muscles. Rapid or irregular heartbeat the heart needs to pump harder as it cannot pump blood at a normal rate. Chronic cough or wheezing due to the fluid in the lungs and the lungs need to work harder. Ventricular failure – happens when it is left untreated. Lack of Appetite or Nausea— when the liver and digestive system become congested they fail to receive a normal supply of blood. This can make you feel nauseous or full, even if you havent eaten. Fluid Build-up and Swelling— because blood flow to the kidneys is restricted, the kidneys produce hormones that lead to salt and water retention. This causes swelling, also called oedema that occurs most often in the feet, ankles and legs. Rapid Weight Gain— the fluid build-up throughout the body, may cause you to gain weight quickly. Heart Grows Larger— the muscle mass of the heart grows in an attempt to increase its pumping power, which works for a while. The heart chambers also enlarge and stretch so they can hold a larger volume of blood. As the heart expands, the cells controlling its contractions also grow. Heart Pumps Faster— In an attempt to circulate more blood throughout the body, the heart speeds up. Blood Vessels Narrow— As less blood flows through the arteries and veins, blood pressure can drop to dangerously low levels. To compensate, the blood vessels become narrower, which keeps blood pressure higher, even as the heart loses power. Blood Flow Is Diverted— When the blood supply is no longer able to meet all of the bodys needs, it is diverted away from less-crucial areas, such as the arms and legs, and given to the organs that are most important for survival, including the heart and brain. In turn, physical activity becomes more difficult as heart failure progresses. Congested lungs:-Fluid backup in the lungs can cause shortness of breath with exercise or difficulty breathing at rest or when lying flat in bed. Lung congestion can also cause a dry, hacking cough or wheezing. Dizziness, and weakness:- Less blood to your major organs and muscles makes you feel tired and weak. Less blood to the brain can cause dizziness or confusion. Confusion and impaired thinking:- changing level of certain substances in the blood such as sodium can cause confusion. List the information taken on his admission that demonstrates these signs and symptoms. Low oxygen saturation, tachycardia, tachypnoea, hypertensive due to APO, loss of fluid into 3rd spaces or frusemide. Do you think his diabetes is related to his leg ulcer and amputated left toe? Explain Yes diabetes can be related to leg ulcer and amputated left toe because in diabetes neuropathy or peripheral nerve disease and damage may lead to leg ulcers and serious foot problems from which limb amputation may result. One of the medicines he is taking is lasix. What is the action of lasix? Which body systems are affected by it? Explain why you think Mr. Wright is ordered Lasix. Lasix is known as frusemide it is a loop diuretic that prevents your body from absorbing too much salt, allowing the salt instead be passed in your urine. As lasix is a diuretic drug that induce urination to decrease the body fluid volume, so the blood pressure will decrease therefore it will affect the urinary tract system and the cardiovascular system. List three conditions in Mr. Wright relevant medical history that is commonly associated with aging. Asthma:- asthma is common among older people over age 65 and can cause serious problems in bones and joints. Glaucoma:- glaucoma is a progressive degeneration of the nerve that can caused by increased intra ocular pressure. Arthritis:- arthritis is a inflammation of the joints that can cause pain and stiffness which can be worsen as the person age. Using Mr. Wrights admission history and assessment, list the factors that may impact on his safety whilst in hospital and when he returns home. Limited vision, impaired mobility, pain, self administration of frusemide combined with beta blocker and hypotension, low Sao2, hypo/hyper tension, decreased appetite, lower leg ulcer, confusion, anxiety and history of falls. What other health professionals will be involved in his care and what services can they provide for Mr. Wright. Dietician:- to monitor his diet about the diabetes and in assist the meals on wheels with the preparation of the meals. Domiciliary:- in order to assist with his daily living activities. Psychologist:- to monitor his situation and watch for any signs of over anxiety. Physiotherapist:- to assist him with maintaining his impaired mobility. General practitioner:- assist him with his medications and refer to any other specialist if needed. List the nursing documentation you would expect to be used in the care of Mr. Wright. Fluid chart, general observation chart, diet chart, bowel chart, admission information, medical history questionnaire, nursing notes, progress note, care plan and allergies. REFRENCES:- http://www.emedicinehealth.com/drug-furosemide/article_em.htm viewed on 5 September 2014 http://www.australiandiabetescouncil.com viewed on 5 September 2014 http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide-heart-failure viewed on 5 September 2014

Canterbury Tales Essay: Immorality and the Friar -- Canterbury Tales E

Immorality and the Friar in The Canterbury Tales  Ã‚   It is a sad commentary on the clergy that, in the Middle Ages, this class that was responsible for morality was often the class most marked by corruption. Few works of the times satirically highlight this phenomenon as well as The Canterbury Tales, by Geoffrey Chaucer. Chaucer’s "General Prologue" introduces us to a cast of clergy, or "Second Estate" folk, who range in nature from pious to corrupt. The Friar seems to be an excellent example of the corrupt nature of many low-level clergymen of the times- while his activities were not heretical or heinous, his behavior is certainly not in accord with the selfless moral teachings he is supposed to espouse. According to the Narrator’s account, he is a snob, corrupted by greed, and acts in very un-Christian ways. It is clear that he is a man of low moral standards. When we are first introduced to the Friar, we are told that he possesses a level of social grace far above his station in life. We are told that in the four begging orders, there is no one as knowledgeable in fair language and sociability as he (lines 210-211, Norton), and that he is a very ceremonious fellow (line 209). This seems out of step with a man who is supposed to make a living by begging, a man who is supposed to go through life without a roof over his head. This level of breeding and affinity for ceremony has likely come from an aristocratic birth- often, the younger sons and daughters of nobles who could not be provided for simply entered the clergy. This contributed to a large body of clergy members who came to the church not because they felt a divine calling, but simply because that is what was expected of them (his fellow pilgrim, the Prioress, als... ...th money from those who can barely afford bread. This Friar’s morals are much closer to vice than virtue; any doubts that he is a man of low morals are now completely swept away. Chaucer’s "General Prologue" is remarkable in that it allows us to see not only what characters may claim to represent, but also how they really are inside. Chaucer’s depiction of the Friar, who should be a man of upstanding piety and virtue, makes it readily apparent that he is quite the opposite. The Friar’s elitist background and behavior, his begging-supported greed, and the vices that oppose true Christianity prove that he is a man of low moral standards. Certainly, Chaucer paints a masterful contrast of image vs. reality. Bibliography The Norton Anthology of English Literature: Sixth Edition, Volume 1. M.H. Abrams, et al, Editor. W.W. Norton and Company. New York: 1993.

Capitalism and United States Essay

There are many aspects of FDR’s New Deal that must be analyzed in order to determine if this collection of economic programs helped or hurt America’s effort in ending the Great Depression. The Great Depression caused both a decline in national moral and economic productivity unprecedented in United States history. The previously prestigious capitalistic economy was brought to its knees on Black Thursday in October of 1929. Roosevelt had taken office with the intent to quickly relieve a nation from Hoover’s â€Å"do-nothing approach† within his first 100 days as president. He knew he had to act fast in order to fulfill the demands of the people that could be, in part, credited because of their investments in the stock market with unstable funds. There was a rebellion in full swing. As recorded in A People’s History of the United States, â€Å"Desperate people were not waiting for the government to help them; they were helping themselves.†After the stock market crashed, the flaws in the capitalist system were more predominantly brought to surface. The system had been given a bad name among a growing socialist nation in times of desperation. To a socialist critic, the system could be depicted as unsound by nature; neglecting human needs in the pursuit of large corporate benefits. The New Deal was set in place to save capitalism from itself. In order to do this Roosevelt felt that passing a number of social programs would keep the market economy from, once again, self destructing. Through his efforts, Roosevelt had consequently formed class warfare. The faces of business leaders had become the faces of bloodthirsty, evil men which appealed largely to an American public looking for someone, something, or anything to blame for the pain they were going through. Finding that happy-medium between relieving the economic crisis of the American people and not giving the public something they could view as a government fall-back was something that the country had never had to deal with before on this large of a scale. Throughout Roosevelt’s implementation of his social programs concerns surfaced from conservative Americans. Roosevelt did not want welfare to be seen as â€Å"a narcotic, a subtle destroyer of the human spirit.† FDR’s New Deal, under a growingly socialist system, in ways got the country back on its feet and may have been the fix that America was looking for at the time. At the same time; however, it could have been the spark to the gradual lazy, entitled attitude that we experience today in the United States.

How can we protect our natural environment? Essay

The environment is our planet. It provides us with natural resources that are used for everything. It needs to be protected and so future generations can leave with no environmental problems as we are facing nowadays. Some countries develop with sustainability, this means that hey use the resources tht the planet provides in an efficient way so future generations can use them. To begin with, we can protect our natural environment by doing simple things that everyone can do. For example we can protect the environment by using the less we can the electricity, or by not throwing the garbage to the floor, instead yo toss it in the trash can , we can also recycle. Using public transports is another way to protect the planet, this is because there are less cars used and this causes less polution. Industries are trying to use there resources in an efficient way and ussing alternative sources of energy to cause less polution. Moreover there are three R’s that will make us protect our planet. This three words are very important: recycle, reuse and renewable. Recycle means to use already used products to make new ones so they do not produce more and use more natural resources. For example the empty bottel of a coke, they refill the empty glass bottel so they do not produce more bottles. Reuse is bonded to recycle is means to use again like the coke i just mentioned. Last is renewable it is about using a product that has not one use, it can be used as many times as you want. For example instead of using plastic glasses you use a normal glass, beacuase you use it, then you wash it and then you can use it again. Last but not least another way to protect our environment are the alternative sources of energy. Most of the planet’s energy produced is nuclear or with coal. Studies are being made and some are used nowadays of these alternative sources of energy that are renewable. For example the energy is produced by using the ocean, the wind, the heat of the inner core of the planet or the sun. Nations are being encouraged to develop this alternative sources of energy to cause less polution and protect our planet. They are not used very much nowadays because as there is not enough research this alternative sources of energy are not cheap and they do not produce the same amount of energy as the non-renewable sources. To sum up we can protect our environment in lots of ways. From a simple thing that anybody can do to something that an entire nation can do. What we can say is that it does not matter how little the help is , it helps although you think is does not. Using these advices we can protect are planet so future generations can use it and it’s resources. It is vital that we protect our environment and it is probed that we can do something a bout it.